DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBUST AND HIGH THROUGHPUT IN VITRO DRUG TESTING PLATFORM UTILIZING PERFUSION-CULTURED SANDWICH-CONSTRAINED HEPATOCYTES SPHEROIDS

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Electromagnetic counterparts of high-frequency gravitational waves having additional polarization states: distinguishing and probing tensor-mode, vector-mode and scalar-mode gravitons

GWs from extra dimensions, very early universe, and some high-energy astrophysical process, might have at most six polarizations: plus- and cross-type (tensor-mode gravitons), x-, y-type (vector-mode), and b-, l-type (scalar-mode). Peak or partial peak regions of some of such GWs are just distributed in GHz or higher frequency band, which would be optimal band for electromagnetic(EM) response. In this paper we investigate EM response to such high-frequency GWs(HFGWs) having additional polarizations. For the first time we address:(1)concrete forms of analytic solutions for perturbed EM fields caused by HFGWs having all six possible polarizations in background stable EM fields; (2)perturbed EM signals of HFGWs with additional polarizations in three-dimensional-synchro-resonance-system(3DSR system) and in galactic-extragalactic background EM fields. These perturbative EM fields are actually EM counterparts of HFGWs, and such results provide a novel way to simultaneously distinguish and display all possible six polarizations. It is also shown: (i)In EM response, pure cross-, x-type and pure y-type polarizations can independently generate perturbative photon fluxes(PPFs, signals), while plus-, b- and l-type polarizations produce PPFs in different combination states. (ii) All such six polarizations have separability and detectability. (iii)In EM response to HFGWs from extra-dimensions, distinguishing and displaying different polarizations would be quite possible due to their very high frequencies, large energy densities and special properties of spectrum. (iv)Detection band(10^8 to 10^12 Hz or higher) of PPFs by 3DSR and observation range(7*10^7 to 3*10^9 Hz) of PPFs by FAST (Five-hundred-meter-Aperture-Spherical Telescope, China), have a certain overlapping property, so their coincidence experiments will have high complementarity.Comment: 27 pages, 16 figure

Cell patterning using a dielectrophoretic–hydrodynamic trap

The paper presents a dielectrophoretic method for cell patterning using dielectrophoretic–hydrodynamic trap. A distinctive characteristic of the device is that the dielectrophoretic (DEP) force is generated using a structure that combines conventional electrode-based DEP (eDEP) with insulator-based DEP method (iDEP). The conventional eDEP force is generated across the microfluidic channel between a top plate indium tin oxide electrode and a thin CrAu electrode. Meantime, an isolating cage built from SU8 photoresist around the thin electrode modifies the electric field generating an iDEP force. The cells that are flowing through a microfluidic channel are trapped in the SU8 cage by the total DEP force. As a result, according to the cell dimension and the thickness of the SU8 layer, different cell patterns can be achieved. If the cell’s size is sensitively smaller than the dimensions of the hydrodynamic trap, due to the dipole–dipole interaction, the cell can be organized in 3D structures. The trapping method can be used for conducting genetic, biochemical or physiological studies on cells